This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the legal Status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

Background & Aim: The important aspects of maternal postpartum adjustment are readiness in caring for the family, newly-added member and self as well as return to pre-pregnancy Functional Status. The aim of the study was to determine the predictors of postpartum maternal functioning. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 newly delivered mothers attended the healthcare centers of Bonab in 2016 using the cluster random sampling method. Data were collected through a socio-demographic characteristics form, the Edinburgh postpartum depression scale, and the Functional Status questionnaire. The multivariate linear regression model on the SPSS software version 21 was used to determine the predictors of Functional Status. Results: Mean (SD) of the Functional Status total score was 2. 3 (0. 24). The maximum and the minimum scores were in the subdomains “ infant care” [3. 64 (0. 32)], and “ social activities and society” [1. 43 (0. 41)], respectively. There was a significant inverse correlation between postpartum depression and total score of Functional Status, self-care and social activities and society subscales. According to the general linear model, postpartum depression, spouse’ s age and job, economic Status, mother’ s education level and the number of pregnancy were the predictors of mothers’ Functional Status during postpartum period. Conclusion: Postpartum depression and some socio-demographic characteristics are among the variables influencing maternal Functional Status. Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of postpartum depression and consideration of the mothers’ socio-demographic characteristics, can improve maternal Functional Status and result in better maternal postpartum adjustment.

Background: There are some evidences suggesting Functional constipation-related growth retardation in children, especially in early childhood. Considering high prevalence of constipation, early diagnosis and treatment of constipated patients may improve the quality of life in these children. In this study, weightandheight of Iranian children aged 2 to 12 years with Functional constipation was evaluated compared to healthy children. Methods: A total of 130 Iranian children aged 2-12 years, 65 with Functional constipation and 65 as healthy children referred to pediatric gastroenterology clinic during Jan to Dec of 2016, were enrolled in this case-control study. Functional constipation was defined as Rome III criteria. The growth Status was evaluated using the growth charts, and Z scores of weight and height for age were recorded, with the consent of parents and child willingness. Results: 65 constipated patients (44 boys, 21 girls) with the mean age of 8. 28 3. 24 years and 65 healthy children (25 boys, 40 girls) with the mean age of 8. 32 3. 42 years were evaluated. The mean weight of case group was 23. 69 4. 14 kg and mean height 126. 49 10. 34 cm. The mean weight of control group with 31. 62 4. 85 kg and mean height 153. 47 13. 88 cm, demonstrated significant difference with the case group. The observed mean weight and height were significantly lower in constipated group and the differences of height-for-age and weight-for-age Z scores were statistically meaningful in constipated and healthy children. Conclusions: Functional constipation in children aged 2 to 12 years may retard their weight and height growth, so early diagnosis and treatment of children with constipation is beneficial in their adequate growth Status.

Background & Aims: Asthma is an inflammatory disease in respiratory system with ill effects on psychological, social and economic Status. This study was conducted to assess of effects of asthma disease on the performance of patients.Materials & Methods: This descriptive study included 400 asthma patients in educational hospitals of Karaj using simple random sampling method during 2008-2009. Data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of two sections that assessed demographic characteristics and Functional Status (social, economic and psychological Status). The data were analysed by SPSS statistical software.Results: The findings showed that the majority of samples were women, married and non-smokers.There was a significant relationship between: age (p=0.00), marital Status (p=0.001) psychological Status, educational level and social Status (p=0.00), economic Status (p=0.0026) and psychological Status (p=0.00), duration of disease and social Status (p=0.049), history of addiction and psychological Status (p=0.049), asthma severity and social function (p=0.049). But there was no significant correlation between asthma severity and economic, emotional Status, sex and hospitalization.Conclusion: It is recommended to evaluate asthma patients function periodically as part of the care.

Background: Quality of life (QL) of patients with lumbar radiculopathy (LR) stands for personal experience of the Functional effect of the ailment and therapy applied to the patient. We aimed to evaluate the QL in patients with LR before the start of treatment, as well as three and six months following the start of medical rehabilitation, that was prescribed and implemented. Methods: The research was conducted at the Special Hospital for Progressive Muscular and Neuromuscular Diseases in Novi Pazar, Serbia, from 2014 to 2016. A stratified, randomized sample included fifty patients with LR. All patients had an educational training program in ergonomics, physical therapy procedures, and kinetic and ergonomic therapeutic procedures as part of the conservative treatment. We employed two standardized questionnaires, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the SF-36, to evaluate the patients' condition, their QL, and the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment. Results: In terms of SF-36 - PCS, SF-36 - MCS, and ODI, the lowest values were noted at the start of rehabilitation (PCS:35.5; MCS:37.8; ODI:51.5%). Three months later, there was a significant improvement in the scores (PCS:42.8; MCS:45.2; ODI:38.9%), and six months later, the scores were somewhat higher (PCS:49.2; MCS:40.6; ODI:23.7%) (P<0.01). Conclusion: When comparing the conditions, the QL and Functional Status of patients with LR are significantly improved. They were better at three and six months compared to the start of rehabilitation and at six months compared to the condition at three months.